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History of MINAMATA

1889 Apr. Official designation of Minamata Village upon nationwide adoption of the Village system.(pop. 12 040)
1906 Jan. Shitagau Noguchi establishes Sogi Electric Co. (former Chisso Co.) in the Village of Okuchi, Isagun, Kagoshima Pref.
1908 Aug. Nippon Carbide Co. Begins manufacturing at Minamata Plan. Sogi Electric supplies electric power
Aug. Sogi Electric and Nippon Carbide merge and form Nippon Nitrogen Fertilizer Co. Ltd.. (hereafter called N. N.)
1912 Dec. Minamata Village is re-designated as Minamata Town
1932 May N. N. Minamata begins first stage operations of acetaldehyde compound acetic acid facilities
1941 Nov. N. N. Minamata begins first production of vinyl chloride in Japan
1949 Apr. City system adopted, becomes Minamata City. (pop. 42 270)
1950 Jan. N. N. Minamata becomes Shin Nippon Chisso Fertilizer Co. Ltd. (hereafter called SNC)
1956 May Official discovery of Minamata disease: the director of SNC Hospital reports to the Minamata Public Health centre on an influx of patients with similar nervous system damage symptoms
1962 Apr. SNC proposes a "stable wage system" to the labor union. "Stabilized Wage Disputes" begin
1963 Jan. The Regional Labor Committee mediated between management and labor of SNC and settled the Stabilized Wage Disputes with the conclusion of an agreement
Feb. The Kumamoto University Study Group makes its public official report concerning the causes of Minamata disease: "... causative agents of Minamata disease are methyl mercury compound extracted from shellfish caught in the bay and taken from sludge from the SNC plant. However, the extracted substances are slightly different in structure."
1965 Jan. SNC changes its name to "Chisso Co. Ltd." (hereafter called Chisso)
May Official recognition of Niigata-Minamata disease: in Niigata, Drs. Tadao Tsubaki and Yukiaki Ueki report to the Dept. of Public Health of Niigata Pref. that "patients of mercury poisoning from an unknown source are appearing in scattered areas downstream along the Agano River and coastal regions"
1968 May Chisso Minamata stops production of acetaldehyde by the acetylene method
1968 Sep. Official recognition as a pollution: the Japanese government makes an official report concerning Minamata disease, affirming that the cause of Minamata disease is methyl mercury compound produced in the acetaldehyde acid facilities of Chisso Minamata factory
1971 July Establishment of Environment Agency
1972 Dec. "Meisuien", a social welfare institute for the severely handicapped, opens. 13 congenital Minamata disease patients are admitted
1975 Sep. Kumamoto Pref., Minamata City, and Minamata Fisheries Co-op give notice of voluntary catch restrictions in Minamata Bay
1976 May Kumamoto Pref. establishes Minamata Disease Diagnosis centre and opens Minamata Bay Pollution Protection Office
1977 Oct Sludge Disposal Project begins. Dividing nets are set up to trap contaminated fish
1978 June Cabinet reaches consensus on issuance of prefectural bonds to Chisso
Oct Establishment of the National Institute for Minamata Disease
1983 June Sludge Dredging Project in Minamata Bay begins
1987 Dec. Sludge Dredging Project in Minamata Bay ends
1988 Feb. Supreme Court rejects the appeal of Minamata Disease Criminal Case. The president of Chisso and the director of Chisso Minamata Factory are sentenced guilty
1989 May Minamata City is designated one of the areas of the Regional Character Formation Project. Plan include the construction of Minamata Disease Museum and a memorial with "Environmental Model City, Minamata, with Love and Ease" as its theme
July The prefecture announces concrete plans for the active use of the reclaimed land in Minamata Bay, which will be completed by the end of March, 1990, focusing on Development Plans for the Reclaimed Land in Minamata Bay, and its Vicinity
1990 Mar. Completion of Minamata Bay Pollution Protection Project directed by Kumamoto Pref.
1991 Jan. The Environment Agency opens a Special Committee for the Minamata Disease Issues in the Central Environment Council, the Environment and the Health Department for the purpose of discussing the special measures for Minamata disease victims and general measures to tackle Minamata disease for uncertified victims
June Special Committee for Environmental Measures in the prefectural assembly sets up the Special Committee for Minamata disease issues
Nov. Ground-breaking for Minamata Disease Municipal Museum which passes on the history of Minamata disease and its lessons
1992 May Minamata Disease Victims Memorial Service organized by Minamata City is held after 24 years. About 1 000 people including victim's families, patients, and citizens are present and pray for the lives sacrificed by Minamata disease
1993 Jan. Minamata Disease Municipal Museum opens
Aug. Kumamoto Prefectural Environmental Education and Intelligence centre opens
1994 May The 3rd Minamata Memorial Victims Memorial Service is held. Mayor Yoshii first apologizes as the mayor of Minamata, saying that " We have not taken enough measures for the victims who have been discriminated against without any reason."
Dec. Minamata-Ashikita Regional Development Funds Foundation is set up
1995 Feb. The coalition ruling party sets up the Council for Measures on Minamata Disease
Apr. The Council for Measures on Minamata Disease presents an interim report on the solution for relief of unaided patients
Apr. The removal of the dividing nets in the Nananose Sea Area starts
June Based on the proposal from Fukuoka High Court, Kumamoto Pref. reaches a solution in which cash benefit depends on the injury level of the victim
June The coalition leading party officially announces a solution for unaided patients
July During his canvassing at Fukuoka, Prime Minister Murayama expresses his personal regret, stating that part of the blame in terms of the expansion of Minamata disease rests upon the government. It is the first statement of regret by a prime minister
Aug. Environment Agency presents the final plan for the settlement which is equal benefit to every unaided patient
Sep. The final plan for the settlement with cash benefit to the victims' organizations and to the patient (2.6 million for each unaided patient) is officially presented
Nov. Environment Agency presents a rough plan for the financial support of Chisso and for the regional regeneration to Kumamoto Pref.
1996 Jan. The acceptance of the application for the Comprehensive Measures against Minamata Disease, based on the final plan for the settlement, begins
Mar. Minamata High School Drama Club performs their original drama, "Departure - I am proud of Minamata" at the Minamata Cultural Hall
Apr. An exhibition of photographs recording the true face of the Minamata Disease situation is held in Paris by Jin Akutagawa and Shisei Kuwahara
Apr. Ground-breaking ceremony of Ashikita-machi Moyai-naoshi centre in Yunoura, Ashikita-machi is held
May International Environment Forum in Minamata organized by Environment Agency, Kumamoto Pref., and Minamata City is held at the Minamata Cultural Hall, and experts environmental problems discuss the theme, "Creating a city kind to the environment."
May The 5th Minamata Disease Memorial Service is held with about 1 000 people on the reclaimed land of Minamata Bay, and the director-general of Environment Agency and the president of Chisso participate for the first time
June Yoshii, Mayor of Minamata states at the local assembly that Minamata City will continue to appeal to the national and prefectural governments for further assistance, and city itself aims for creating a city where people value environment and human cooperation
July National Institute for Minamata Disease reorganizes its body
July Association for Minamata's Regeneraion which consists of Juneior Chambers, Women's Association, and other 30 individuals and groups is established
Sep. Council for Promoting Cherry Trees in Minamata-Ashikita is set up
Sep. Minamata Exhibition in Tokyo is held at a special place of Shinagawa Station, Tokyo
Oct Opening ceremony of Minamata Memorial is held
Nov. The Ground-breaking of
Southern Minamata Moyai-naoshi centre.(Orange-kan)
Dec. The Ground-breaking of Minamata Moyai-naoshi centre.(Moyai-kan)
1997 May Memorial Service Minamata Disease Victims. At the first Memorial Service since the government's solution to Minamata Disease, a prayer was offered to the victims of the disease along with the renewal of an oath for the regeneration and promotion of the region
June Completion of the Moyai-naoshi Centre
July Start of meetings to discuss the maintenance of data related to Minamata Disease held at the National Institute for Minamata Disease
July Results of the examination of fish and shellfish showing the level of mercury to be below safety levels for three consecutive years. The Decision to remove the dividing nets in Minamata Bay was unofficially made
July "Declaration of Safety". Governor of Kumamoto Pref., Fukushima, Declares safe the fish in Minamata Bay. A major turning point in the move towards the regeneration of the Minamata-Ashikita region
Aug. The Minamata Fisheries Co-op agrees to the total removal of the dividing nets in Minamata Bay at a special general meeting
Aug. Work begins on the removal of the dividing nets
Oct The Minamata Fisheries Co-op and Chisso sign the document confirming the completion of the removal of the dividing nets. Self-controlled restrictions on fishing in Minamata Bay are lifted. Fishing in the bay is re-opened for the first time in 24 years
Oct Monitoring of the fish and shellfish in Minamata Bay (post removal of the division nets) begins. Investigations will be carried out twice a year for the next three years
Nov. "Exhibition of the Products of Minamata". The Minamata Fisheries Co-op participates for the first time. The "Happiness of the Sea" Fair is held and the safety of the fish and shellfish from Minamata Bay is promoted
1998 Jan. The Minamata Moyai-naoshi Centre (Moyai-kan) is completed
Jan. Old Minamata Bridge, built in 1934, is demolished
Feb. Inauguration of Minamata Moyai-naoshi centre (Moyai-kan)
Mar. Minamata-Daini Junior High School Selected for the newly-created Special Citizens' Prize at the Minamata Prize for the Environmental Awards
Apr. PET bottle Sep.aration begins, now 21 recycling categories
Apr. Sakurano Tea Plantation founded
Apr. Inauguration of Oral Historians' Lecture Room at Minamata Disease Museum
June Three-year plan to preserve the terraced rice paddies of Yonotsuru to be enacted the following year
Aug. Matsubokkuri Product InNov.ation Committee introduces Minamata abalone products
Sep. Prime Ministers' Award given to Minamata City Fire Brigade and Minamata-Ashikita Regional Administration Union Office for rescue efforts during the land slides of July 1997
Sep. Women's Liaison Conference on Household Waste Reduction signs agreement with local supermarkets to remove Styrofoam food trays
Dec. Nine people certified as Environmental Meisters
Dec. Minamata-Ashikita Regional Crematorium "Nanaura-so" completed, begins operation in Tsunagi Town
1999 Jan. Minamata Bay Reclaimed Land site is renamed "Ecopark Minamata"
Feb. Minamata City attains International Environmental Standards ISO 14001
Mar. Kugino Elementary branch schools in Okawa and Koshikoba close
Apr. Ecoshop system enacted. Four Environmentally-conscious superMar.kets certified
Apr. "Main Street" partially complete
May 54th Prefectural Athletics Festival held in Minamata-Ashikita
June Inauguration of Minamata Environment Techno Centre
May Minamata-Daisan Junior High School gym reNov.ated
May Government Dec.ides on drastic government proposal to cover Chisso's liability with financial assistance from national general accounts and local allocate on tax
June Information session held, application begins for "Household ISO: Environmentally-friendly Living"
June Seven Oral Historians from the Oral Historians' Association
July Minamata and Chisso Minamata Headquarters rescind 1974 Pollution Protection Agreement, Signing a new Environmental Protection Agreement
July First phase of development on Tsukinoura Plateau "Welfare New Town" complete
July Kugino Regional Promotion Association awarded the Higo Water Lover's Award
July JA Ashikuita Patents "Salatama-chan" salad onions
Aug. Fukuro Elementary School wins the 34th National Children's bicycle Safety completion
Aug. Inauguration of City's first female firefighter
Sep. Kumamoto "Future" National Sports Festival Canoe events held in Minamata. Prince and Princess Akishinonomiya attend
Oct. Minamata poet Mosen Fuchigami made prefectural Figure of Modern Culture
Oct. Minamata High School Boy's rhythmic Gymnastics team takes first place at Kumamoto "Figure" National Sports Festival, its fourth championship, first in two years
Nov. 800 citizens attend celebrations of the 50th Anniversary of Minamata City at the Minamata Cultural Hall
Dec. Grand Sumo Tournament held in Minamata as part of 50th Anniversary celebrations
2000 Jan. Komakien Minamata City Support Centre for Mothers closes
Feb. School version Environmental ISO commences
Mar. "Reglass Road", made of recycled glass cullet opens in Asahi-machi
Mar. Municipal Hotel Suitenso closes
Apr. Plastics added to recycling system, 23 categories
Apr. Yonotsuru terraced rice paddy flower park opens
Apr. Watashi ni totte no Minamatabyo ("My Minamata Diease") Minamata shimin wa Minamatabyo ni dou mukiattaka ("How Minamata Citizens faced Minamata Diease") released
May 8th Coalition of local Governments for Environmental Initiative Conference held in Minamata
May Mansfield International Environment Conference
July Fukuro Elementary School second consecutive win at the National Children's Bicycle Safety Competition
Aug. Construction of new pump station east of Chisso Hyakken drainage pump begins
Aug. Household appliance recycler Act-B Recycling signs deal with Minamata City
Aug. CD containing Minamata resident's parody songs goes on sale in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Minamata City
Aug. Solar-powered clock placed on City Hall facade in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Minamata City
Oct. Women's Liaison Conference on Household Waste Reduction signs agreement with four local supermarkets to remove styrofoam food trays for 30 items
Nov. Kumamoto Pref. ends monitoring of mercury levels of Minamata Bay marine life
Nov. Minamata City awarded the Environment Agency Director-General's Award at the 21st Comfortable Environment Symposium
2001 Jan. Minamata Ecotown Plan becomes 13th nationally and the third in Kyushu
Feb. Appeal rejected by Supreme Court after reversal of the Minamata Disease Delay Reparations lawsuit
Mar. Minamata 21st Century Citizens' Conference begins
Mar. Symposium encouraging bicycle use held
Mar. The first company to join Minamata's Ecotown, Tanaka Shoten, Ltd., and the City jointly agree on "Foundation of Environmentally-Conscious Facilities"
Apr. Kagawa Pref. junior high school becomes first to participate in Environmental Education program
May Minami Kyushu Tire Recycle signs contract with Minamata City
May Minamata taked No. 1 in Kumamoto for public access to information
June National Minamata Disease Information Centre opens beside Minamata Disease Museum
June Muta Marshes designated as Prefectural Natural Preservation Area
July Minamata City Young Citizen's Association founded
Aug. RBS Inc. signs pledge with Minamata City committing to the "Foundation of Environmentally-Conscious Facilities"
Sep. Healthy Village Women's Association tests a local goods and services exchange program
Sep. Japanese inn/hotel and nursery school/kindergarten Envrionmental ISO programs commence
Oct. Kiraku Mining Inc. signs pledge with Minamata City committing to the "Foundation of Environmentally-Conscious Facilities"
Oct. Minamata Exhibit
Oct. 6th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant: 429 participants from 40 countries
Oct. Forests of Mt. Daigaku selected for Environment Ministry's "100 Fragrant Mountain Views"
2002 Jan. Minamata "Thank you Taxis" begin running
Apr. Minamata City awarded first place in its population division of the Climate Change Measures category at the first ECOCAP Contest
Apr. Replatech Inc. joins Minamata Ecotown
May Environmental ISO for Livestock-breeding program established
May Grade 5 students from around Kumamoto Prefecture learn about the environment at Minamata's Children's Eco Seminar
July ECO Minamata Association for Local Goods and Tourism founded
Aug. Junior United Nations Eco Workshop Kyushu Conference
Oct. Minamata Ecotown Council founded
Oct. Jointly-owned Hisatsu Orange Railroad Company established to operate on old line between Yatsushiro and Sendai
Oct. Collection of separated organic waste begins
2003 Jan. Minamata Disease Museum commemorates its tenth anniversary
Jan. Eco-Minamata International Environmental Model City Planning Committee established
Jan. Minamata Comprehensive City Plan complete
Feb. Minamata Eco International Barrier-free Kite Festa
Apr. Number of recycling categories reduced from 24 to 21
Apr. Minamata-Ashikita Regional Administration Union Office Clean Centre complete
Apr. Kassaikan Community Centre built in eastern Minamata
July Municipal Amalgamation Symposium: Thinking about the Future of Minamata and Tsunagi
July Sever damage from heavy rains, causes floods, landslides; 19 victims from the Hougawachi- Fukagawa areas
Aug. Memorial service held for landslide victims
Aug. 17th National Milk Packaging Reuse conference
Sept. Children's Urban Development Committee
Sep. ISO 14001 changes to self-declaration format
Oct. Fukuro Elementary School Inaugurated
2004 Jan. Ceremony marking first anniversary of operation of Minakuru Bus
Jan. "Railroad to the Future" exhibit
Feb. First citizens' Environmental ISO inspection
Feb. First National Green Tourism Network Conference held in Kumamoto
Mar. Minamata City Financial Reform Committee submits its outline proposals for financial reform and financial reconstruction plan to mayor
Mar. Kyushu Bullet Train and Hisatsu Orange Railroad lines begin operation
Mar. Cabinet Office certifies Minamata as a Special Zone for Recycling and the Environment
May Yonoko Hot springs celebrates its 80th anniversary
July City submits request for information and project outline from IWD TOA Group Kumamoto, a company planning on constructing a toxic waste management facility in Nagasaki District
July Minamata Senior High School Baseball team is top four at 86th National High School Baseball Champion ship Kumamoto Tournament for first time in 38 years
July National High School UNESCO Youth Seminar
Aug. Minamata City Industrial Waste Deliberation committee established
Aug. Modern Noh drama "Shiranui" premiers
Sep. Minamata City Fire Brigade and Firefighting Headquarters earn the Prime Minister's Award
Oct. Supreme Court hands down decision in the Kansai Lawsuit: both the national and prefectural governments' liability is affirmed
Oct. 17th Prefectural Culture Festival held at Yatsushiro and Minamata-Ashikita
Nov. "Takara" Hougawachi Community Centre complete
2005 Feb. 1st National Ecotown Summit held
Feb. Okawa and Kugino districts become certified While Village Lifestyle Outdoor Museums
Mar. Unveiling ceremony of the "New Minamata Gate" at Shin Minamata Station
Mar. Minamata Municipal Yunoko Hospital closes
Mar. Minamata wins the fourth ECOCAP contest
Mar. Sawayaka Nursery School closes
Apr. City's population drops below 30,000 for first time in 63 years
Apr. City's population drops below 30,000 for first time in 63 years
Apr. Minamata-Ashikita Regional Firefighting Headquarters Call Centre begins operation
Apr. Rehabilitation Centre at the Minamata Municipal General Hospital complete
Apr. Waku Works Minamata, a workshop for mentally handicapped, opens
June Four city post offices undertake document management project
July General Meeting of the 50th Anniversary of the Official Recognition of Minamata Disease Project Steering Committee
Aug. Kumamoto Gakuen University establishes Open Research Centre for Minamata
Oct. Kugino District Revival Association given the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications Award for Independent Regional Development in Depopulating areas
Nov. Declaration of Commitment to a Gender-Equal Society
Nov. Minamata Film Commission established
2006 Jan. 56th Kumanichi Santaro Relay held in Minamata, new record set
Jan. Minakuru Bus begins operation to Okawa and Nakayashiki
Mar. First Minamata Education Forum
Mar. White and Blue Song Festival held
Mar. 1st Minamata Juku held as first event in the 50th Anniversary of the Official Recognition of Minamata Disease project
Mar. Minamata designated as a "Biomass Town" during the Biomass Nippon General Strategy Promotion Conference
Apr. Inauguration of Minamata Disease Memorial as part of the 50th Anniversary of the Official Recognition of Minamata Disease project
June Anti-Industrial waste rally held
Aug. Minamata Future Concert
Aug. Minamata-Ushibuka ferry stops service after 70 years
Sep. Minamata Disease Discussion Group submits its recommendations
Oct. Congenital Minamata Disease sufferers and other handicapped persons stage original play "Minamata ba ikite" as part of the 50th Anniversary of the Official Recognition of Minamata Disease Project
Oct. "Hope and Future of Minamata, Fifty Years from Now" held as part of the 50th Anniversary of the Official Recognition of Minamata Disease project
Oct. Chisso Corp. celebrates 100 years with a memorial concert
Oct. Kugino District Revival Association wins Special Award at the Higo Water Protection Awards 20th Anniversary Commemorative Meeting
Nov. Minami Kyushu Pepsi-Cola Ltd. and Minami Kyushu Coca-cola bottling Co. Ltd. sign the "Supply of resources in the event of emergencies" agreement
Nov. Retrospective Exhibit marks 50th anniversary of the death of Soho Tokutomi
2007 Jan. Minakuru Bus Begins service to Yunoko
Jan. "Mandela Forum" held as part of the 50th Anniversary of the Official Recognition of Minamata Disease project, offers citizens opportunity to discuss Minamata disease from various perspectives
Feb. Fukuro Elementary and Minamata-Daini Junior High Schools with the Kumamoto School Environmental ISO Competition
Feb. Tree planting and dedication of time capsule as part of celebrations marking the tenth anniversary of Sister City relations with Devonport, Australia
Mar. Koshikoba becomes the fourth Whole village Lifestyle Outdoor Museum
Mar. Signed ceremony held in Devonport to mark tenth anniversary of Sister City relations between Minamata and Devonport
Apr. Kumamoto Pref. begins Minamata disease damage investigation
Apr. Citizen's forum on Waste Reduction
Apr. Minamata through the eyes of seven photographers exhibit
May Ferry service between Minamata and Hondo suspended
May Study of distribution of stone walls at site of Minamata Castle
June Final completion of Ecopark Minamata
Aug. Minamata Juku kick-off symposium
Sep. Plan for the Revitalization of a Healthy Minamata, Environmental City accepted by national regional revitalization plan
Oct. Women's Liaison Conference on Waste reduction begins its My beg Campaign to promote reusable shopping bags
Oct. Okawa Whole Village Lifestyle Outdoor Museum releases "Wagaya no Manma" Recipe book
Oct. Minamata native Folklorist Ken-ichi Tanikawa recognized as a national Person of Cultural Merit
Oct. Minamata High School Music Club wins silver at the 60th All-Japan Chorus Competition
Oct. Minamata City Fishery Union wins the Higo Water Protection Award
Nov. Minamata Pledges to become the No.1 book-reading city in Japan, events held throughout the week to promote reading
Nov. Minamata Environmental "University" Seminar
Nov. Minamata Disease Museum Oral Historians' Association and Minamata Disease Museum General Plan presents "People who helped save Minamata Bay"
Dec. Healthy Minamata tea produced
2008 Feb. Minamata City wins special award for regional coordination at Ministry of the Environment's "Stop Global Warming" National competition
Feb. Moyai Music Festival
Mar. Ishisakagawa Elementary, Ishitobi Branch Schools close
Mar. A new route to Yonotsuru for the Minakuru bus was created
Apr. The Fureai Farm on the east of Minamata opened
Apr. The delegation from the sister city, Devonport, visited Minamata
May Tsukinoura Fureai Park in the Tsukinoura Welfare New Town opened
May "Minamata International Conference: The Realization of a Sustainable Society"
June Confirmation for stopping the plan for Final Disposal Spot for Production Waste